Risk Factors of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Cancer Patients

Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a significant complication in cancer patients which was found in 4-20% of the patients. This study was aimed to evaluate risk factors of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in cancer patients in an oncology center in Indonesia.  Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study. Data were obtained from medical records of adult cancer patients with DVT referring to Dharmais National Cancer Center in Indonesia since 2013-2016. Control group were adult cancer patients without DVT. Association of risk factors (sex, age, presence of metastasis, Khorana score, complete blood count and D-dimer level) with DVT were compared and analyzed between DVT patients and control group. Results: A total of 129 cancer patients with DVT at Dharmais Cancer Hospital during year 2013-2016 met the inclusion criteria. Median age of the patients was 56 years old. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to investigate the effect of sex, age, hypertension, diabetes, chemotherapeutic agents, hemoglobin level, leukocyte counts and D-dimer level to the occurrence of DVT in cancer patients. Hypertension (OR 16.7, P<0.001), chemotherapy (OR 5.0, P=0.012), D-dimer level (OR 1.00, P=0.030) and leukocyte counts (OR 1.00, P=0.017) were significant risk factors to have contribution to the occurrence of DVT in cancer patients.  Conclusion: Hypertension, history of chemotherapy, leukocytosis, and D-dimer level were significant risk factors for DVT in cancer patients.